# R82.10 Carrier Security Administration Guide

# GSM Overview

This section gives a quick overview of [GPRS](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#), [UMTS](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#), and [LTE](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#).

## A Global System for Mobile Communications

The most widely deployed wireless networks worldwide are based on Global System for Mobile Communications, or [GSM](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#), a second generation time-division mobile network standard. The standard was originated by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) and further developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).

## General Packet Radio Services

General Packet Radio Services, or GPRS, is a GSM extension which allows packet switched data transmission. GPRS upgrades GSM data services providing:

- Point-to-point ( [PTP](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#)) service.
- Point-to-multipoint ( [PTM](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#)) service.
- Short Message Service ( [SMS](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#)).

GPRS is basically an addition to GSM that enables packet based communications.

## Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, or UMTS, is one of the third generation (3G) mobile phone systems. UMTS networks provide an average bandwidth of up to 384Kbit/sec.

## IP Multimedia Subsystem

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a common architecture that allows cellular operators to provide multimedia services.

## Long Term Evolution (LTE)

LTE, also known as 4G, is a cellular internet protocol designed to increase the speed and download capacity of mobile networks.

## Basic Components of GPRS/UMTS Networks

### On the Network

- [PLMN](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#) (Public Land Mobile Network).
- [PDN](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#) (Packet Data Network).
- GSN (GPRS Support Node).
  - [SGSN](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#)
  - [GGSN](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#)
- [MS](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#) (Mobile Station).

### Interfaces

- [Gi](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#) interface.
- [Gn](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#) interface.

## Basic Components of LTE Networks

- [SGW](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#)
- [PGW](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#) 
- [MME](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#)
- [HPLMN](https://sc1.checkpoint.com/documents/R82.10/WebAdminGuides/EN/CP_R82.10_CarrierSecurity_AdminGuide/Content/Topics-CSG/GSM-Overview.htm#)

## Signaling Protocols

GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) - used to transport user data between GSNs.

## Comparing GTP Versions

### Port Changes

- **Control plane:** UDP port 2123.
- **User plane:** UDP port 2152.

### Multiple PDP Contexts for the Same PDP Address

In GTP versions 1 and 2, multiple PDP contexts/sessions are allowed per PDP address and APN.