CloudGuard WAF Rate Limiting

CloudGuard WAF agents have the ability to limit the number of requests to a matched URI within a configured time scope, according to the source identifier.

How to set up rate limit

Step 1: Activate Rate Limit from the Practices tab when editing an asset

Browse to Policy->Assets and edit the relevant Web Application / API asset.

Once the asset edit window opens, select the Rate Limit tab and click on Click to add a new Rate Limit Practice.

Pay attention to the configuration of Source Identity. When counting requests to see if a limit was exceeded, the source identity is the key according to which they are counted.

i.e. "X requests from the same source identifier..."

If the source identity configuration doesn't match a value, the source IP address is used instead for the purposes of counting the request.

Step 2: Add a New Rate Limit Rule

Click on Click to add a new Rate Limit rule. When creating a new rule or editing an existing rule, a configuration window will open:

A rate limit rule consists of:

• Action configuration. There are 3 options:

  1. According to practice - The action will be determined by the practice mode previously configured.
  2. Detect - Only logs will be issued if the rate limit for this rule is reached. This will override the practice mode unless it is Inactive.
  3. Prevent - Rate limit for this rule is enforced. This will override the practice mode unless it is Inactive.

• Match conditions:

  • URI - A string written in this field is concatenated as a suffix to all defined URLs of the Web Application or Web API asset. The concatenation result is considered the prefix for all requests that will match this rule.
    While the URI field does not accept a regular expression, it does support usage of '*' wildcard character.
    Example - If the Asset's defined URLs are " http://www.myapp.com" and " https://www.mysecureapp.com" and the URI in the rule is " /docs", it will be matched on all requests starting with either http://www.myapp.com/docs or https://www.mysecureapp.com/docs.

    Use " /" to match all requests to the asset's domains.

• Additional Conditions - An optional logical expression in addition to the main URI regular expression. The logical expression can use AND/OR/NOT between matching key-value pairs to decide what traffic should be counted to determine if rate of requests has exceeded. There are several keys that can be used:

  • URI - A regular expression that is matched on the URI field. Since the main URI field already creates an initial prefix match of the URI path, the regular expression is usually used to match specific states if a wildcard was used, or strings in the full URI beyond the prefix.
  • Source Identifier - A regular expression matching the source identifier values according to Source Identity configuration of the asset. If source identifier is not detected in traffic according to configuration, the value will be matched vs the source IP address.
  • Source IP - A network IP address in X.X.X.X format or CIDR (e.g. 11.22.33.44/24).

• Limit configuration:

  • Limit - The maximum number of requests in a specific time scope.
  • Time Unit - The time scope in which the limit is enforced.

If Limit is set to 7000 and Unit is set to "Minute" then an Active Rate Limit practice will prevent requests to the matched URI if they exceed 7000 requests from the same source identifier, in a single minute.

• Trigger configuration: Configure the trigger (usually the log trigger) that will activate when a Rate Limit rule is fully matched by URI as well as requests rate.

In Detect/Learn mode, the Trigger is the only action that will occur if the rate of matched URIs from the same source identifier has exceeded configured limits.

After clicking OK, you will see the full rule:

Match priority - The rate is enforced according to a single matched rule. When the URI of the request matches multiple URIs in multiple rules, the longest match takes precedence and determines the rate limit count.

Example - If there are 2 rules - one limiting the URI "/docs" for 10000 requests from the same source identifier in one minute, and the second limiting "/docs/external" for 3000 requests from the same source identifier in one minute, then requests to /docs/external/latest will be blocked if they exceed 3000 requests from the same source identifier in one minute, as this rule creates a longer match.

Step 4: Enforce Policy

Click Enforce on the top banner of the Infinity Portal.

Advanced option in CloudGuard WAF's AppSec Gateways - Limit only according to IP addresses

CloudGuard WAF's AppSec Gateway deployments provide a Check Point-managed reverse proxy as part of the deployment. It is possible to configure a CloudGuard WAF AppSec Gateway to enforce rate limit by using the reverse proxy settings. As the Reverse Proxy server does not have access to the agent's parsing capabilities, the rate limit in this case is done only using source IP addresses as the key to count requests.

To configure rate limit using this enforcement method, go to your CloudGuard WAF AppSec Gateway profile in Policy-> Profiles and open the Advanced tab. In the Advanced Settings table add the following key-value: agent.rpmanager.enableNginxRateLimit : true

Click "Enforce Policy".